IMF World Economic Outlook
Debt to GDP: India vs the world
What governments owe as a share of what their economies produce, year by year. India’s general government debt was 84.3% of GDP in 2025.
IndiaChina, People's Republic of
Solid lines are IMF actuals; dashed lines from 2026 are the IMF’s own estimates and projections. General government gross debt, World Economic Outlook.
Where each stands
| Country | Latest actual | Ten years earlier | IMF projection |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | 84.3% (2025) | 69.7% | 75.1% (2031) |
| China, People's Republic of | 98.6% (2025) | 40.9% | 122.1% (2031) |
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026), dataset. Long-run series: IMF Public Finances in Modern History database, dataset. General government gross debt covers central, state and local government together; India’s central government alone is roughly two-thirds of the figure.