IMF World Economic Outlook
Debt to GDP: India vs the world
What governments owe as a share of what their economies produce, year by year. India’s general government debt was 84.1% of GDP in 2025.
IndiaUnited StatesChina, People's Republic ofJapanUnited KingdomGermanyBrazilIndonesiaSouth AfricaWorld
Solid lines are IMF actuals; dashed lines from 2026 are the IMF’s own estimates and projections. General government gross debt, World Economic Outlook.
Where each stands
| Country | Latest actual | Ten years earlier | IMF projection |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | 84.1% (2025) | 69.8% | 77.7% (2031) |
| United States | 123.9% (2025) | 105.4% | 142.1% (2031) |
| China, People's Republic of | 99.2% (2025) | 40.8% | 126.8% (2031) |
| Japan | 206.5% (2025) | 200.1% | 192.8% (2031) |
| United Kingdom | 102.3% (2025) | 87.3% | 102.6% (2031) |
| Germany | 62.9% (2025) | 71.2% | 73.7% (2031) |
| Brazil | 93.3% (2025) | 71.7% | 106.5% (2031) |
| Indonesia | 41.0% (2025) | 27.0% | 42.2% (2031) |
| South Africa | 78.6% (2025) | 45.2% | 82.6% (2031) |
| World | 93.9% (2025) | 77.8% | 102.3% (2031) |
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (April 2026), dataset. Long-run series: IMF Public Finances in Modern History database, dataset. General government gross debt covers central, state and local government together; India’s central government alone is roughly two-thirds of the figure.